A reference list is found at the end of a piece of work and includes the full details of all references you have used. The list of references should match your in-text citations, so each in-text citation needs a matching reference list entry, and each source that appears in your reference list should be cited in the body of your work at least once.
This depends on the source type being referenced e.g. a book, an online journal article etc. The tabs at the top of the page detail what is required and give examples of references for the various different types of source.
The list of references should be in alphabetical order by the author name. Use the surname of the first author, or the first word of an organisational author. Please see the FAQs tab for situations where you have more than one source by the same author.
Your references should be in one long list - you do not need to create separate lists for different types of sources unless you are told otherwise by your module leader.
Each entry in your list of references should have a hanging indent. This means that the first line of each reference is in line with the margin of the page, and any lines afterwards are indented away from the edge. You can use the paragraph formatting tool in Word, Google Docs, Pages and other word processors to do this automatically.
Boddy, D. (2017). Management: An introduction (7th ed.). Pearson.
Burgess, T. (2021). Universities in the UK. https://my-ibisworld-com
Data-Pop Alliance. (2015, Oct 21). What is data literacy? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHz_ogTH2p4
Herzog, D. (2016). Data literacy: A user's guide. SAGE.
Human Rights Act 1998.
Pangrazio, L., & Selwyn, N. (2019). ‘Personal data literacies’: A critical literacies approach to enhancing understandings of personal digital data. New media & society 21(2), 419-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818799523
If you would like to reference a source not in this guide or have further questions you can:
Check the APA Style blog.
Have a look at the reading list of APA guides. These are physical copies you can borrow from the library.
Get in touch with the Library by emailing us at library@napier.ac.uk
We have also created the printable quick guide below which covers the basics of in-text citations and referencing.
This is most recent edition of APA. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, or APA 7th as it is normally called, is the most commonly used referencing standard at Edinburgh Napier University. In addition to providing guidance on referencing, this manual offers an authoratative voice on grammar, the mechanics of writing, and APA style, as well as the treatment of numbers, statistical and mathematical data, tables and figures
